Mechanics and Manufacture of Multimodal E-Tattoos
多模态电子纹身的力学特性与制造工艺
Nanshu Lu（鲁南姝）
ABSRACT
Merging human body with electronics and machines can enable internet of health (IoH), human-machine interface (HMI), as well as augmented human capabilities. However, bio-tissues are soft, curvilinear and dynamic whereas wafer-based electronics are hard, planar, and rigid. Over the past decade, stretchable electronics have emerged as a result of new materials development, structural design and manufacturing processes. In particular, epidermal electronics, a.k.a. electronic tattoos (e-tattoos), represent a class of stretchable circuits, sensors, and stimulators that are ultrathin, ultrasoft and skin-conformable. This talk will address the mechanics such as the bendability, stretchability, and conformability of the e-tattoos. It will introduce a dry and freeform (subtractive) “cut-solder-paste” process for the rapid prototyping of wireless multimodal e-tattoos. This method is applicable for thin film metals, polymers, ceramics, as well as 2D materials and can easily incorporate integrated circuits to the stretchable e-tattoos. The e-tattoos can laminate at different locations of human skin for the synchronous and continuous tracking of electrophysiology (ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG), mechanophysiology (respiration, seismocardiogram, blood pressure, etc.), as well as thermophysiology etc.. In addition to sensing, the e-tattoos can also be used as personalized treatment and therapeutic devices. For wireless operation, we leverage near field communication (NFC) for wireless charging on-the-go and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) for wireless data transfer. A modular and reconfigurable e-tattoo concept will be introduced. Finally, a vision for closed-loop wearables for sensing, diagnosis, and treatment will be presented.
将人体与电子器件和机械融合在一起可以实现健康网络（IoH）、人机交互（HMI）以及强化的个体能力。然而，生物组织是柔软、曲线和动态的，但基于晶圆制造的电子器件是坚硬、平面且刚性的。在过去的十年中，随着新材料的开发、结构设计以及制备工艺的发展，出现了可拉伸电子器件。尤其是皮肤表面的电子器件——又称电子纹身（e-tattoos）——代表了一类可拉伸电路、传感器和激励器，具有超薄、超柔软且贴合皮肤的特性。本次讲座将探讨电子纹身的力学特性，如可弯曲性、可拉伸性和贴合性。我们将引入一种干燥、自由的“切割—焊接—粘贴”工艺（减法工艺），用以快速制作无线多模态电子纹身的原型。该方法适用于金属薄膜、聚合物、陶瓷以及二维材料，能够轻松地将集成电路与可拉伸电子纹身集成在一起。我们能将电子纹身层压在人体皮肤的不同位置，同步、连续地跟踪电生理学信号（如ECG、EEG、EMG、EOG）、机械生理学信号（如呼吸、心震图、血压等），以及热生理学信号等。除了用于传感，电子纹身也能够用于个性化治疗以及医疗器械当中。在无线技术方面，我们利用近场通信（NFC）进行无线充电，利用低功耗蓝牙（BLE）进行无线数据传输。本次讲座还将介绍模块化、可重新配置的电子纹身的概念。最后会简单展望用于传感、诊断和治疗的闭环可穿戴设备。
BIOGRAPHY
Dr. Nanshu Lu is currently Temple Foundation Endowed tenured Associate Professor at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her B.Eng. from Tsinghua University, Beijing, Ph.D. from Harvard University, and then Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship at UIUC. Her research concerns the mechanics, materials, manufacture, and human integration of soft electronics. She has published more than 90 journal articles with more than 12,000 citations. She has been one of the founding Associate Editors of Soft Robotics. She has been named 35 innovators under 35 by MIT Technology Review (TR 35) and has received NSF CAREER Award, multiple DOD Young Investigator Awards.
鲁南姝博士现任德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天普基金会特聘终身副教授。她于清华大学和哈佛大学分别取得了学士学位和博士学位，其后在伊利诺伊大学香槟分校以贝克曼博士后研究员身份开展工作。她的研究领域涉及柔性电子的力学、材料、制造和人体集成等多个方向，累计发表90余篇期刊文章，引用量超过12000次。鲁南姝博士是Soft Robotics的创始副编辑之一，被MIT Technology Review（TR 35）评为35岁以下的35位创新者，并获得了NSF职业奖和多个DOD青年研究者奖。