Metamaterial-enabled Mechanical Energy Focusing and Harvesting
超材料赋能的机械能聚集和采集
Miso Kim
ABSRACT
A key challenge has been insufficient sustainable power generation for practical applications, despite all the benefits of self-powering and green enabling technology. Elastic/acoustic/mechanical metamaterials are artificially engineered structures which exhibit exotic properties such as effective negative dynamic modulus and density. Beyond developing highly efficient devices and materials for energy harvesting (EH), metamaterial-inspired energy harvesting systems have attracted considerable attention as an enabling technology capable of drastically enhancing the output harvesting performance by guiding and focusing the input mechanical wave energy such as sound, vibration and ultrasonic waves into a desired area. Various metamaterial designs have been constructed and integrated into EH systems, including phononic crystals (PnCs) with a defect, locally resonant acoustic/elastic metamaterials, and gradient-index (GRIN) phononic crystals (PnCs). Here, we summarize a collection of our recent advances that push the boundaries to achieve a new paradigm of energy focusing and harvesting using various metamaterial designs ranging from PnCs with a single or multiple defects, elastic and acoustic GRIN PnCs to metasurfaces. These metamaterial-enabled energy harvesting systems can open up a drastic enhancement solution to develop self-powered wireless sensor networks in the structural health monitoring of infrastructures such as bridges/railways/buildings.
尽管可持续发电的技术具有自供能和绿色环保的优势，但是目前的关键挑战在于这种可持续发电的技术还不足以运用于实际当中。弹性的、声学的和机械的超材料是人为设计出来的结构，具有一些独特的特性，比如有效的负动态模量和密度。除了开发高效的能量收集设备和材料之外，这种受超材料启发的能量收集系统作为一种使用技术，能够通过引导和集中输入的机械波能量（例如声音，振动和超声波进入需要的区域）来显著提高能量输出收集的性能，因而引起了人们的广泛关注。已经有一些工作通过构建各种超材料并集成到能量采集（EH）系统当中，包括具有缺陷的声子晶体（PnCs）、局部共振声、弹性超材料和梯度指数（GRIN）声子晶体（PnCs）。在这里，我们总结了最近的一些进展，这些进展包括使用各种超材料设计，从具有单个或多个缺陷的PnCs，弹性和声学GRIN PnCs到超表面，实现了一种新的能量聚集和收集的范例。这些研究成果让我们突破了现有科学研究上的边界，同时这些支持超材料的能量采集系统也将可以为在桥梁、铁路、建筑物等基础设施的结构健康监测中开发自供电无线传感器网络提供极大的增强解决方案。
BIOGRAPHY
Dr. Miso Kim is a senior research scientist at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). She received her undergraduate degree in Materials Science and Engineering from Seoul National University, South Korea (2004). She received her M.S. (2007) and Ph.D. degrees (2012) in Materials Science and Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She joined KRISS as a senior research scientist in 2012 and has happily pursued her passion for research at KRISS since then. Her primary research interests cover analytical modeling, design, and experimental characterization of piezoelectric materials and smart structures (including mechanical metamaterials) for energy harvesting and sensing. She’s been a Principal Investigator (PI) of several research projects funded by the Korean Government including the project titled “Development of High-efficient Energy Focusing and Harvesting Systems for IoT Networks” ($2M/year).
Miso Kim博士是韩国标准与科学研究所（KRISS）的高级研究科学家。 她于2004年获得韩国首尔国立大学材料科学与工程的学士学位，于2007年在麻省理工学院（MIT）获得材料科学与工程的硕士学位，并于2012年获得麻省理工学院（MIT）材料科学与工程的博士学位，同年加入KRISS担任高级研究员。从那之后，她一直潜心于KRISS从事研究工作，她的主要研究方向包括用于能量收集和传感的压电材料和智能结构（包括机械超材料）的建模分析、设计和实验表征。她曾主持多个韩国政府资助的研究项目，其中包括每年两百万美元资助额度的项目—“开发用于物联网的高效能源聚集和采集系统”。