Advances in Quantum Dots: From Basics to Practical implementation
量子点的进展：从基础到实际应用
Yasuhiko Arakawa
ABSRACT
Since the first proposal of semiconductor quantum dots in 1982 by Arakawa et al., the quantum dots have been intensively studied from fundamentals of solid-state physics to their application in advanced devices. The complete quantum mechanical confinement of electrons has made it possible to realize high-performance quantum dot lasers, high-sensitivity quantum dot infrared detectors, and quantum information devices such as single photon sources. Quantum dots can be also applied to solar cells that are predicted to have a conversion efficiency of over 75% for future sustainable and renewable energy systems. Moreover, embedding a single quantum dot inside a photonic nanocavity provides an attractive platform for studying solid-state cavity quantum electronics (cavity-QED). In this presentation, after introducing the fundamentals of the quantum dots, recent advances in quantum dot lasers are reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on practical application of quantum dot lasers for telecommunication and silicon photonics. The physics of non-classical light sources and quantum dot cavity-QED for quantum computing and communication application is also briefly outlined.
自从1982年Arakawa等人首次提出半导体量子点以来，人们对量子点从固体物理基础到在先进器件中的应用进行了深入的研究。电子的完全量子力学约束使得实现高性能量子点激光器、高灵敏度量子点红外探测器和单光子源等量子信息器件成为可能。量子点也可以应用于太阳能电池，预计其转换效率超过75%的未来可持续和可再生能源系统。此外，在光子纳米腔中嵌入单个量子点为研究固体腔量子电子学提供了一个很有吸引力的平台。本文在介绍量子点基本原理的基础上，综述和讨论了量子点激光器的最新进展，重点介绍了量子点激光器在通信和硅光子学中的实际应用。简要介绍了量子计算和通信应用中的非经典光源和量子点腔QED的物理特性。
BIOGRAPHY
professor Arakawa is current;y a specially-appoined Professor and the head of Quantum Innovation Co-Creation Center at the Institte of Nanoquantum Information Electronics (NanoQuine), The University of Tokyo. He received his PhD degree from The University of Tokyo in 1980. In the same year, he joined the University of Tokyo as an Assistant Professor and was promoted to an Associate Professor in 1981. He became a full Professor at the Universoty of Tokyo in 1993. From 2006 to 2017, he worked fo the NannoQuine as the Director. He served as the President of International Commission for Optics (ICO) from 2014 to 2017 and he is now a Foreign Member of the US National Academy of Engineering (MAE). He published more than 800 journal pepaers and gave more than 450 invited talks at international conferences. He received numerous awards, including Leo Esaki Award in 2004, IEEE/LEOS William Streifer Award in 2006, Fujiwara Award in 2007, IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 2009, Prime Minister Award in 2009, the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 2009, C&C Prize in 2010, Heinrich Welker Award in 2011, OSA Nick Holonyak Jr. Award in 2011, the Japan Academy Prize in 2017 and IEEE Jun-ichi Nishizawa Medal in 2018. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE as well as Fellows of OSA, JSAP, and IEICE.
荒川教授是东京大学纳米量子信息电子学研究所（NanoQuine）的一名特聘教授，也是量子创新共同创造中心的负责人。他于1980年获得东京大学博士学位。同年，他以助理教授的身份加入东京大学，并于1981年晋升为副教授。1993年，他成为东京大学的正式教授。2006年至2017年，他担任南诺喹公司董事。2014年至2017年，他担任国际光学委员会（ICO）主席，现为美国国家工程院（MAE）外籍院士。他出版了800多份pepaers杂志，并在国际会议上发表了450多篇特邀演讲。他获得了许多奖项，包括2004年的Leo Esaki奖、2006年的IEEE/LEOS William Streifer奖、2007年的Fujiwara奖、2009年的IEEE David Sarnoff奖、2009年的首相奖、2009年的紫丝带奖章、2010年的C&C奖、2011年的Heinrich Welker奖、2011年的OSA Nick Holonyak Jr.奖，2017年获得日本学院奖，2018年获得IEEE Jun-ichi Nishizawa奖章。他是IEEE的终身研究员，同时也是OSA、JSAP和IEICE的研究员。