Engineering and measurement of thermal radiation
热辐射工程学及其表征
Mikhail A. Kats
ABSRACT
Thermal radiation is the phenomenon responsible for most of the light in the universe. Though understanding of thermal radiation dates back over a century, recent advances have encouraged the re-examination of this phenomenon and its applications. This talk will describe our group’s advances and outline future work in the measurement and manipulation of thermal radiation. First, I will discuss our efforts to improve thermal-radiation metrology, especially for low-temperature thermal emitters, emitters with temperature-dependent emissivity, and emitters out of equilibrium. Such improvements can enable techniques such as our recently demonstrated depth thermography, in which measurements of thermal radiation yield temperature information below the surface of objects. I will also describe our invention of a minimalistic spectroscopy technique that requires no gratings, interferometers, or any other wavelength-selective components. Then, I will describe the use of phase-transition materials including vanadium dioxide and rare-earth nickelates to demonstrate new phenomena, including negative- and zero-differential thermal emittance, radiative thermal runaway, and thermo-dichroism. I will also discuss our recent demonstration of nanosecond-scale modulation of emissivity and thermal-radiation pulses down to picosecond scales. The talk will include discussion of exciting opportunities of thermal-radiation engineering for infrared-privacy and thermoregulation technologies.
宇宙中的发光的现象多数源于热辐射。尽管人们对热辐射的认知可以追溯到一个世纪以前，但近期工程技术上的进步促使人们对热辐射其应用有了重新的认识并且进行更深入的研究。此报告将介绍我们课题组在热辐射调制与测量研究的最新进展，以及该领域的前景展望。首先，我将阐述我们对热辐射的表征方法上做出的系统性的总结与完善，尤其是针对低温热辐射体，热辐射率随温度变化的热辐射体，以及处于非平衡态的热辐射体的表征工作。我们发展的这种更精确的测量方法进一步帮助我们实现了深度热成像技术。在这个技术中，我们利用测量热辐射来推演物体表面以及表面以下的温度信息。报告还将介绍我们最近发明的一种基于热辐射的极简易光谱技术，不同于传统光谱仪，该技术不需要光栅，干涉仪或任何其他光色散组件。该报告还将涉及基于二氧化钒和稀土镍酸盐等相变材料的热辐射调制，包括随温度负增长和零增长的热辐射，“辐射热失衡”和“热二色性”等新奇现象。报告还包括我们最近实现的对热辐射率的纳秒级别的调制和由此产生的皮秒级别的热辐射脉冲。报告的最后将简要讨论热辐射工程学为红外伪装和温度调节技术带来的机会。
BIOGRAPHY
Mikhail Kats is Jack St. Clair Kilby Associate Professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Wisconsin-Madison, with affiliate appointments in the Departments of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, as well as the Wisconsin Energy Institute, the Wisconsin Quantum Institute, and the McPherson Eye Research Institute. Mikhail’s research interests include optical properties of engineered materials, novel optical and optoelectronic devices, tailoring of thermal radiation and radiative heat transfer, and related topics in optics and photonics. Prior to joining UW-Madison, he received his BS in Engineering Physics from Cornell University in 2008, and his PhD in Applied Physics from Harvard University in 2014. In 2018 and 2019, he was identified by Web of Science as a Highly Cited Researcher. His recognitions include the ONR Young Investigator Award, the AFOSR Young Investigator Award, and the NSF CAREER award, the IEEE Photonics Society Young Investigator Award, the IEEE Nanotechnology Council Early Career Award, as well as selections to the Forbes “30 Under 30” and ASEE Prism’s “20 Under 40” lists.
Mikhail Kats现任威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校电子与计算机工程系的Jack St. Clair Kilby 副教授，并在该校物理系，材料科学与工程系以及威斯康星州能源研究所，威斯康星州量子学院，和McPherson眼科研究所任兼职教授。Mikhail的研究领域广泛涉及应用光学和光子学，主要包括工程光学材料，新型光学及光电器件，对热辐射源及热辐射传递的调制。在执教之前，他于2008年获得康奈尔大学工程物理学士学位，于2014年获得哈佛大学应用物理博士学位。Mikhail在2018，2019连续两年被Web of Science评为全球高被引科学家。他曾获的代表性的奖项包括美国海军研究所 （ONR）青年学者奖，美国空军研究所（AFOSR）青年学者奖和美国国家科学基金会（NSF）科研事业成就奖，IEEE光子学会青年学者奖，IEEE纳米技术委员会科研事业初期成就奖，以及入选福布斯2016年度“30位30岁以下杰出科学家”和ASEE Prism杂志的“20位40岁以下杰出科学家”名单。