Synergizing High Capacitance with Fast Charging: Materials Design and Mechanisms
如何通过材料设计和工作机制让超级电容快速充电
Maria Lukatskaya
ABSRACT
As electronic technology advances, the need in safe and long-lasting energy storage devices that occupy minimum volume arises. Short charging times of several seconds to minutes, with energy densities comparable to batteries, can be achieved in pseudocapacitors: a sub-class of supercapacitors, where capacitance is mediated by fast redox reactions and thus enables at least an order of magnitude more energy to be stored than in typical double layer capacitors. However, traditional pseudocapacitive materials are often high in cost and/or suffer from low cycling stability.
In my talk, I will discuss how the key performance metrics of pseudocapacitors – capacitance and charging rates – can be pushed to the limits in the materials that combine good electrical and ionic conductivities (ensuring fast charge transfer and hence charging rates) with high density of redox-active sites. In particular, I will discuss the electrochemistry of 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) and conductive metal-organic frameworks, with an emphasis on the mechanism of charge storage and electrode design.
随着电子技术的发展，对体积小且能够安全且持久的能量存储器的需求越来越迫切。作为超级电容器的一个重要分支，赝电容可以实现几秒钟到几分钟的短充电时间，其能量密度与电池相当，赝电容由快速氧化还原反应介导，因此与典型的双层电容器相比，存储的能量至少增加了一个数量级。然而，传统的赝电容材料通常成本高且循环稳定性较差。
在本次报告中，我将讨论如何利用新材料的设计将赝电容的关键性能指标（电容量和充电率）同时提高，这些材料是具有良好导电性和离子导电性（确保快速电荷转移和充电速率）以及高密度氧化还原活性中心的材料，特别是2D过渡金属碳化物（MXenes）和导电的有机金属网络，并将重点讨论电荷存储和电极设计的机理。
BIOGRAPHY
Dr. Maria Lukatskaya is a tenure track assistant professor of Electrochemical Energy Systems in Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering at ETH Zürich. Dr. Lukatskaya received her B.Sc./M.Sc. from Moscow State University, Russia and Ph.D. from Drexel University, USA followed by postdoctoral stay at Stanford University, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA. Dr. Lukatskaya’s group studies fundamental processes in solutions, materials and at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and then applies this fundamental knowledge to the development of new battery materials, electrocatalysts and electrolytes that can deliver improved performance, cost, efficiency and safety. Dr. Lukatskaya is a recipient of Energy and Environmental Science Lectureship Award, Argonne National Laboratory Director Fellowship, MRS Gold Graduate Student Award, The George Hill, Jr. Endowed Fellowship Fund and others.
Maria Lukatskaya博士是苏黎世联邦理工学院机械工程系、电化学能源系的长聘助理教授。Maria Lukatskaya在俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学获得理学学士学位/理学硕士学位，并在美国德雷塞尔大学获得博士学位，随后在美国斯坦福大学和美国SLAC国家加速器实验室进行博士后研究。Maria Lukatskaya的团队注重材料、溶液以及电极-电解质界面的基础理论研究，并将之应用到新的电池材料、电催化剂和电解质的研发中，从而提高性能、成本、效率和安全性。Maria Lukatskaya曾获得能源和环境科学讲师奖、阿贡国家实验室主任奖学金、金夫人研究生奖、小乔治希尔捐赠奖学金基金等。