Emergency Engineering: Translating innovation into impact
急救工程：化创新为影响
Andrea Armani
ABSRACT
The conventional view of academia is that we tackle the over-arching grand challenges that are five to ten years from having an impact on society. However, in the face of a global pandemic, members of academia and industry came together to quickly solve shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) and in life-saving medical instrumentation. One example is in the area of disinfection methods. Previous research had shown the effectiveness of UV-C as a disinfection method for a range of bacteria and viruses, including coronaviruses. As such, a UV-C treatment in combination with a chemical wipe is a common cleaning protocol in a medical setting. Due to its universal-nature, UV-C began to increase in 2018 due to the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria, but the approach became more well-known during the current COVID-19 pandemic due to the need to reuse PPE. This presentation will discuss unpublished work on a recently developed, constructed, and validated portable UV-C disinfection system built from readily accessible components. To further improve the performance, the interior of the system was spray-painted with chrome, forming a low quality-factor (Q) Fabry-Perot optical cavity. As part of this work, a set of modular design criteria which allows for flexibility in component selection without degradation of UV-C dose performance is established. This flexibility is critical given the current fluctuating availability of source materials. The disinfection capabilities of the system are validated using Bacillus cereus, a gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria. In addition, recent results from a semi-autonomous robotic system with UV-C integrated will be discussed.
学术界的传统观点是，我们要解决的是那些需要5到10年才能对社会产生影响的重大挑战。然而，面对一场全球流行病，学术界和工业界的成员聚在一起迅速解决了个人防护装备(PPE)和救生医疗器械短缺的问题。在消毒方法方面就是一个例子。此前的研究表明，短波紫外线（UV-C）这种消毒方法对于包括冠状病毒在内的一系列细菌和病毒是有效的。因此，UV-C处理结合化学擦拭是医疗环境中常见的清洁方案。由于其普遍性，UV-C在2018年因耐抗生素细菌的增加而开始增加，但在当前新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行期间，由于需要重复使用PPE，这种方法变得更加广泛。本报告将讨论最近开发、构建和验证的便携式UV-C消毒系统的工作，该消毒系统由容易获得的组件构建。为进一步提高性能，系统内部喷涂铬，形成低质量因子(Q)法布里-珀罗光学腔。作为这项工作的一部分，建立了一套模块化设计标准，允许在不降低UV-C剂量与性能的情况下灵活选择组件。鉴于当前来源材料的可用性波动，这种灵活性是至关重要的。使用蜡样芽孢杆菌，一种革兰氏阳性的内孔形成细菌来验证该系统的消毒能力。此外，将讨论与UV-C集成的半自主机器人系统。
BIOGRAPHY
Prof. Andrea Armani is currently the Ray Irani Chair in Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science with courtesy appointments in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering in the Viterbi School of Engineering as well as Chemistry in the Dornsife College at the University of Southern California. She is also a founding member of the Ellison Institute. She is the Director of the W. M. Keck Photonics Cleanroom and the John D. O’Brien Nanofabrication Laboratory, two core nanofabrication cleanrooms at USC. She spent her 2015 sabbatical at Northrop Grumman as a Northrop Faculty Fellow. Prof. Armani received her BA in physics from the University of Chicago and her PhD in applied physics with a minor in biology from the California Institute of Technology, where she continued as the Clare Boothe Luce post-doctoral Fellow in biology and chemical engineering.
Prof. Armani has received several awards for research and mentoring, including the ONR Young Investigator Award, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program New Investigator Award, NIH New Innovator Award, Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. She was invited to attend the NAE Frontiers in Engineering and the NAE Frontiers in Engineering Education, and she has been invited to attend all of the NAE/RAE/CAE Grand Challenge Scholar Summits since the conception of the program. She is a senior member of IEEE and AIChE, a Fellow of OSA and SPIE, and a full member of Sigma Xi. The translational impact of her research on broader society and her thought leadership has been recognized by her being named a Technology Review Top 35 Innovators under 35, Popular Science’s Brilliant 10, World Economic Forum’s Young Scientist, STS Forum Future Leader, and World Economic Forum’s Young Global Leader. In addition, her dedication to mentoring the next generation of scientists and engineers has been recognized with the USC Mellon Mentoring Award for Undergraduate Mentoring and the Hanna Reisler Award for Mentoring.
安德烈·阿玛尼教授现任雷·伊拉尼化学工程和材料科学主席，化学工程与材料科学系教授，历任电气工程系、机械工程系,维特比工程学院生物医学工程系以及南加州大学多恩西弗学院化学系教授。她也是埃里森研究所的创始成员之一。她是W·M·凯克光子超净间和约翰·D·奥布赖恩纳米制造实验室的主任，这是南加州大学的两个核心纳米制造超净间。她在诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司度过了2015年的学术休假，担任诺斯罗普学院研究员。阿玛尼教授在芝加哥大学获得物理学学士学位，在加州理工学院获得应用物理学博士学位，并辅修生物学，之后继续担任克雷·布斯·卢斯生物和化学工程博士后研究员。
阿玛尼教授获得了多个研究和指导奖项，包括ONR青年研究员奖、国会指导医学研究计划新研究员奖、美国国立卫生研究院新创新者奖、科学家和工程师总统早期职业奖。她被邀请参加美国国家工程学院工程学前沿和美国国家工程学院工程教育前沿，并被邀请参加自项目构思以来的所有美国国家工程院/英国皇家工程院/中国工程院重大挑战学者峰会。她是IEEE和AlChE的高级成员，OSA和SPIE的会士，Sigma Xi的正式成员。她的研究和她的思想对社会更广泛的影响使得她被提名为Technology Review 35岁以下35名创新者，Popular Science’s Brilliant 前十名，世界经济论坛的年轻科学家，STS论坛的未来领导者，和世界经济论坛的年轻全球领导者。此外，她致力于指导下一代科学家和工程师，并获得了南加州大学梅隆大学本科生导师奖和汉娜·赖斯勒导师奖。